cGgk"0f{sf] ;]/f]km]/f] -lgofqf_

• s]Gb|Hof]lt v8\sf

k|s[ltsf] cg'kd ;f}Gbo{sf] wgL b]z g]kfnnfO{ obfsbf ljZjdfglrqdf n's]sf] :ju{ ;d]t eGg] ul/G5 . g]kfn, k|fs[lts ljljwtf cGt/utsf] ef}uf]lns ljljwtf, h}ljs ljljwtf dfq xf]O{g ;f:s[lts ljljwtfdf ;d]t wgL /x]sf] kfO{G5 . pQ/df ;]tfDo} nx/ ldn]/ j;]sf cUnf cUnf lxdfn b]Vbf To; eGbf k5fl8sf] ;+;f/sf] sNkgf ug'{ s'g} g]kfnLsf] nflu gf}nf] s'/f] xf]Og km]/L d h:tf dWo kxf8df j:g]x?sf] nflu t gf}nf] s'/f g} ePg . ;fgf]df sIff (, !) lt/ k9\bf ;'g]sf] lyP g]kfnsf] lxdfn kfl/sf] lhNnf eg]/ lrlgg] dgfË / d':tfËsf] gfd . clxn] jftfj/0f lj1fgsf] ljBfyL{ ePsf] gftfn] lxdfnsf] blIf0fL / pQ/L efudf kfO{g] ef}uf]lns ljljwtf, hnjfo', jGohGt', nufot ;+:s[tL, ;Dkbf cflbsf] k|ToIf cg'ej ug]{ lelq rfxfgf hfUg' c:jefljs klg xf]O{g lsgsL jftfj/0f lj1fg eGgfn] o:t} If]qdf cWoog cg';Gwfg, cjnf]sg ug]{ ljifo xf] h:tf] nfU5 . ToxL pT;'Stf sf}t'xn jf]s]/  @)^$ c;f]hdf jftfj/0f lj1fg s]lGb|o ljefu, lslt{k'/jf6 d nfuot !# hgf ljBfyL{x?sf] Ps 6f]nL gljg hf]; hfu/ clg pT;fxfsf ;fy lgl:sof] cGgk"0f{ ;]/f]km]/f]sf] kbofqfdf .

j]zL;x/ ;Ddsf] sfnf]kq] jf6f] / Tofxfjf6 ndh'Ës} e'ne'n] ;Dd ;fgf] slRr jf6f]df d'l:snn] rNg ;Sg] ;fgf] Eofgdf k'u]kl5 ;'? eof] xfd|f] kbofqfsf lbgx? . s8f Pj+ 8/nfUbf r§fgx?n] jg]sf cUnf cUnf kxf8 ljrjf6 lgs} j]hf]8sf ;fy jlu/x]sf] d:of{ªbLsf] lsgf/} lsgf/ xfld cufl8 jl9/xof} . ljxfgLsf] em'Nsf;+u} cufl8 uf]/vf lxdfnn] xfldnfO{ :jfut ul//x]sf] lyof] . ;fydf d:of{ªbLsf] lr;f] l;/]6f] / s7f]/ jf6f]n] eg] lgs} ;tfO{/x]sf] lyof] . ;8s lgdf0f{ sfo{ eO{/x]sf] /x]5 . r§fg} r§fgdf /f]8 vg]/ xf]nf oqtq klx/f]x? uO{/x]sf lyo . slt 7fpdf t rf/ xft v'§f 6]s]/ ;d]t cuf8L j9\g' kYof]{ . ko{6sLo lx;fjn] pko{'St df};d / ;f3'/f] ckm7\of/f] jf6f] ePsfn] ko{6sx?sf] n:s/ nfdf] g} lyof] . cem vRr8x?sf] nfdf] hdftn] kboflqx?nfO{ lgs}g} ckm7\of/f] kfl//x]sf] lyof] . l;ldt vr{ tyf yf]/ªnfsf] ;jf]{Rr kf; r'Dg] /x/n] xfld eg] k|fonfO{ pl5Gb} l56f] l56f] kfO{nf j9fO{/x]sf lyof} . ;fldKosf /dl0fo em/0ff, z'4 sGrg vf]nfvfN;L kf/ub}{ / Jofkfl/s b[li6sf]0fn] :yflkt ; ;gf jl:tx? :ofFu], hut, RofDr] cflb :yfgsf s]xL xf]6nx?df s]lxj]/ lj>fd ub}{ j]n'sf & jh]lt/ ndh'ª / dgfªsf] l;dfgf tfn k'luof] . ko{6g ljefun] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] @ lbgsf] j]lz;x/ tfn ;Ddsf] b'/L Ps} lbgdf kf/ u/]sf] b]Vbf xfld ;j}nfO{ crDd nflu/x]sf] lyof] t/ j]hf]8 lx8fO{sf sf/0f v'§f klg ;fX} b'lv/x]sf] lyof] . :yflgo nf]sn /S;L l3pdf emfg]/ jgfPsf] emofO{v'§] Ps Ps du lkokl5 t b'vfO{ e'n]/ xf]6n jflx/ ;d]t gfRg kl5 kl/Pg . ;fob ko{6sLo If]q eP/ xf]nf Tofxfsf xf]6njfnfx? lgs} ldhfl;nf / km/fl;nf /x]5g ;fy} jftfj/0f k|lt Psbd} ;r]t klg . k]o kbfy{sf vfln jf]tnx?nfO{ ju}rfdf lgs} /fd|f]l;t ;hfP/ plrt tl/sfn] Joj:yfkg u/]sf /x]5g . zx/L / cfw'lgstfsf vf]n cf]9]sf t/ jftfj/0f k|lt j]dtnljx?sf nflu 7f]; kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf] /fd|f] r'gf}lt k]z ul/Psf] b]lvof] .

ljxflgsf] ldld{/]kv j]hf]8n] rNg] sf]lzlt/sf] xfjf;+u kf}7]hf]/L v]Nb} cufl8 j9\bf ef}uf]lns jgfj6df lgs} kl/jt{g x'g yfn]sf] lyof] . wf/] r§fg / sxflnnfUbf] vf]rjf6 lj:tf/} ;Nnfsf ?vx? b]lvg yfn]sf lyo . wf/fkfgL k'u]kl5 b'O{ cf]6f d'Vo jf6fx? /x]5g . Pp6f ;fgf] emf]n'Ë] k'n t/]/ dgf;n' ;+/If0f If]qlt/ hfg] / csf]{ cGgk'0f{ lt/ . xfd|f] uGtJo cGgk'0f{ ePsfn] nfluof] Tot}lt/ . jf6f] km/flsnf] lyof], df]6/jf6f] lgdf{0f eO{/x]sf] /x]5 . xfld lgdf0f{flwg ;8sdf lx8\b} ubf{ tn dflysf r6Ss ldn]sf u/fx?df sf]bf]sf jf]6x? xfjfn] xNnfO{/x]sf] b[io lgs} dgdf]xs lyof] . bfgsLp jf6 gfs} 7f]lsg] psfnf] nfu]kl5 klxnf l7Ëu|];Nnfsf] 3gf hËn clg kl5 cf]s Dofkn / ef]hkqsf] 3gf hËn x'b} cl3 jl9of] . bfglspdf vfgf vfPsf] xf]6nsf] lblbn] dflysf] hËndf jf3, efn', lrt'jf e]l6G5 x} xf]; u/]/ lx8\g' eGg' ePsf] lyof] . cl:t Ps} lbg ltg cf]6f jfv|f vfO{lbof] /] t/ xfld ;d'xdf w]/} ePsfn] hËnL hgfjf/sf] s'g} 8/ lyPg t} klg Ps Ps cf]6f nf}/f] eg] vf]Hof} To:tf] psfnf]df 6]Sg klg x'g] / s]xL cfO{xfn] 7f]Sg klg x'g] eg]/ . jf6f]df bz}sf nflu j]lz;x/ nfg] e]8fx?sf x'n / jg g} 3Gsfpg] e]l8uf]7fnx?sf] x'n eg] k|z:t e]l6Psf lyo . sf7df08f}df NofO{g] k|fo e]8f Rofªu|fx? dgfªjf6 NofO{bf]/x]5 . To;lbgsf] jf; dgfªsf] ;b/d'sfd rfd]df jl;of] . xfld lxdfnkf/L k'lu;s]sf lyof} . ndh'ª lxdfn xfd|f] k5fl8 lyof] cGo lxd>[ªvnfx?sf] nx/ xfd|f] blIf0flt/ kb{Yof] . nueu #@)) ld sf] prfO{df /x]sf] rfd]sf] s]xL dflyg} lxdfn b]Vg ;lsGYof] . lr;f] jl9/x]sf] lyof] . bfofjfof ;fgf ;fgf 3/x? clg ljrdf af6f] nfDrf] cfsf/sf] rfd] jhf/ d:of{ªbLsf] lsgf/df clj:yt lyof] . ko{6ssf nflu :yflkt xf]6n nhx? k|z:t lyo . jl/k/L cUnf kxf8sf 6'Kkf]df lxpsf] 6f]lk nufPh:tf lxdfnx? b]lv/x]sf lyo . d:of{ªbLsf] cfsf/ ;fgf] x'b} uO{/x]sf] lyof] t/ j]u eg] sd lyPg h;nfO{ lsgf/fsf c;ªVo e'Iox?n] k|i6fO{/x]sf lyo . h+unIf]q 3l6;s]sf] lyof] . ; ;fgf ;Nnf / w'kLsf jf]6x?dfq b]lvGy] eg] clwsf+; If]q jf]6lj?jf /lxt d?e'dL h:tf] lyof] . :yfgLo jfl;GbfnfO{ ;f]Wbf klxnf 89]nf] uP/ jg ljgf; ePsf] clg km]/L j[Iff/f]kg u/]/ oqf] kf/]sf] eGy] . jiff{tsf] sdL, clwsf+; ;do lxpn] 9fSg], Go"g tfdqmd tyf ?vf] df6f] eP/ xf]nf lj?jfx? /fd|/L x's{g ;s]sf lyPgg\ . xfld lk;fªdf lyof} . ko{6sx?sf] cWoflws rfk lyof] . lk;fª lxdfn r9\g]x?sf] j];SofDk olx /x]5 . clwsf+; sf]7fx? klxn]g} Kofs eO;s]sf] /x]5 . xfldn] vfnL xf]6nx?df j:gsf] nflu sf]7fsf] jf/]df s'/f ubf{ plgx?sf] klxnf] k|Zg g} s'lx/] slt 5 / sxfsf] xf] x'GYof] . ;fob ufO{8 eG7fg] xf]nf . xfld sn]hsf] ljBfyL{ u|'k ldn]/ 3'Dg cfPsf] eGbf Pp6f xf]6nsf] bfO{n] t tkfO{x? l;hgdf cfpg'eof], g]kfnLx? t s'O{/] gcfpg] l;hgdf cfpg] xf] lg eg] . cGgk'0f{ ;+/If0f If]q (ACAP) n] cGgk"0f{ If]qdf cfGt/Ls ko{6gsf] lju'n km'ls/x]sf] j]nf o:tf] cj:yf ef]Ug' kbf{sf] If0f lgs} b'vnfUbf] lyof] . ljb]lz / g]kfnLsf nflu 5'§f5'§} /]6 sfod u/]sf] d]g' xf]6nsf leQfdf dfq l;ldt lyo Tof] klg ACAP nfO{ b]vfpgsf nflu dfq xf] eg]/ c8\sn nufpg xfldnfO{ s]xL j]/ nfu]g . ljb]lzsf] j/fj/ k}zf lbG5' eGbf ;d]t kTofPgg\ . leqleq} xfld ;j}df Unflg dx;'; eO{/x]sf] lyof] . cfkm\g} b]zsf] e'efudf cfkm\gf] g} s'g} cl:tTj 5}g, cfkm\g} g]kfnLnfO{ eGbf ljb]zLnfO{ j9L dxTj lbg] oxfsf jfl;Gbf efO{rf/f, ;xof]uL eGbf klg k}zfk|lt jl9 dxTjsfIfL lyo . lxdfn r} To} s'O/]n] dfq x]g{] xf] < Tof] c;f/ ;fpgdf cfP/ s] s'O{/f] x]g]{ < ePhlt g]kfnL ;j} s'O{/]sf] el/of h:tf] nfU5 < xfd|} 6f]lnsf Pshgf ;fly lgs} emf]SsLo klg . t/ s] ug]{ gof 7fp gof kl/j]z xfd|f] s]xL l;k nfu]g . jf:tjd} cfGt/Ls ko{6gsf] ljsf; u/f} eGg] gf/fsf ;fy c/jf} nuflg ul//x]sf ;/sf/L cw{;/sf/L Pj u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf nufot cGo ;/f]sf/jfnx?n] o:tf 7fpx?df kx'r gk'/ofPsf] b]Vbf sf7df08f}df j;]/ g]kfn x]g]{ kj[ltsf] /fd|f] ljsf; ePsf] /x]5 eGg] nfUof] . g]kfnsf] ;j}eGbf jl9 ko{6s e|d0f ug]{ cGgk'0f{ If]qdf t o:tf] cj:yf 5 eg] cGo :yfgx?df s:tf] cj:yf xf]nf <  g]kfnsf] ko{6lso :ynx?df cfGt/Ls ko{6gsf] k|jw{g ug]{ xf] eg] klxnf] k|of; eg]sf] xf]6njfnfx?df Jofks k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ k5{ . lk;fª lxdfn r9\g cfPsf Ps hgf bfO{ ;+u ;Dk'0f{ O{lt j[tfGt ;'gfPkl5 jxfn] Pp6f xf]6ndf sf]7f ldnfO{lbg' eof] . o:tf] nfUof] g]kfndf dfG5] glrlg sflx klg s]xL sfd x'b}g . jf:tjd} xfld v';L lyof} . lk;fª b]lv dgfª ;Ddsf] ofqf sltv]/ ;lsof] kQ} ePg . vf]ln 5]psf leQfx?df lxpsf sf/0f jg]sf cgf}7f] ef}uf]lns cfs[lt, ljrsf] ;dy/ d}bfg clg ;// jxg] vf]lnlt/sf] xfjf, jf:tljs :ju{sf] cg'e'lt eO{/x]sf] lyof] xfldnfO{ . b'O{ lbgsf] dgfª j;fO{df Tofxfsf] d'Vo ko{6lso cfsif{0fx? ldlnk]/f u'kmf, cfO{; n]s, u+ufk'0f{ UNofl;o/ / n]s, k'/ftfTjLs ;+u|fxfno cflb :yfgx? 3'ldof] . 6f]gL x]ugn] ^) jif{ cl3 lnPsf] u+ufk'0f{ Unfl;P/sf] tl:j/ / clxn]sf] cj:yf x]bf{ cfsf; hldgsf] km/s lyof] .

xfnsf] u+ufk'0f{ n]s /x]sf] 7fpdf t klxn] k'/} lxpn] 9fs]sf] lyof] /] dgfªsf j'9fkfsfn] eGy] . g]kfn nufPt ljZjdflrqdf klxn]sf] t'ngfdf lxd/]vfx? Dffly ;g'{ / UNofl;P/ ePsf 7fpdf tfnx? jGg' xl/tu[x Uof;sf] cToflws j[l4n] ubf{ ePsf] Unf]jn jfld{ªsf] k|ToIf k|efj xf] egL lgs{if lgsfNg xfldnfO{ w]/} ;do nfu]g . dgfËdf xfO{ clN6Ro"8sf sf/0f kg{;Sg] ;d:ofx?sf] jf/]df hfgsf/L lbg Pr=cf/=P=, Pg=Pd=P= h:tf ;+:yfx?sf] sfof{no klg /x]5 . sl/j #%)) ld sf] prfO{df /x]sf] dgfËdf PSnfd]6fO{h];gsf nflu @,# lbg j:g'kg]{ /x]5 . Pr=cf/=P= n] xfO{ clN6Ro"8df hfbf kg{;Sg] ckm7\of/fx? h:t} n]s nfUg], zfl/l/s dfgl;s c;/ / To;sf ;dfwfgsf pkfox?sf] jf/]df #,$, 306f j]n'sf sIff klg lbg] /x]5 . lgs} ;'ljwf ;DkGg / :t/Lo xf]6n nhx? /x]5g\ . hnljB't ePklg kfgL ttfpg, vfg ksfpg cflbsf nflu ;f]nf/ lx6/, 8«fo/ s's/ / kflg ttfpg] ;f]nf/ Kofgnx? k|z:t dfqfdf h8fg ul/Psf] /x]5 . x'gt cGgk'0f{ ;ls{6 el/g} PSofk cGt/utsf] j}slNks phf{ sfo{qmdn] lh=lj=;= / :yflgo;+u ldln ;+o"Qm nuflgdf y'k|} o:tf ;f}o{ phf{ k|0fflnx? h8fg ul/Psf /x]5 t/ o; 7fpdf eg] ljz]it jl9 g} lyof] . jf:tjd} kmf]l;n kmo"nx?sf] >f]t l;ldt tyf vr{ dx+uf] eO{/x]sf] j]nf o:tf j}slNks phf{x?sf] k|j{wg ug{' /fd|f] s'/f xf] . cem g]kfn h:tf] ul/j tyf k]6«f]lnod OGwg jf6 w]/} 6f9f /x]sf] d'n's df t l;t}df k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] o:tf j}slNks phf{sf] >f]tdf hf]8 lbg ckl/xfo{ g} b]lvG5 .

sl/j *,( lbg ljlt;s]sf] lyof] dgfËjf6 yf]/ªnfsf] psfnf] nfUbf dgfªsf] k'/fgf] jl:tx? l5rf]Nb} xfld ltlnrf] / yf]/ªnf 5'l§g] bf]jf6f]df lyof} . lgwf{l/t sfo{qmd cg';f/ nfluof] yf]/ªnf lt/ . ofsv{s jf6 psfnf] nfu]kl5 e'Odfg} 6fl;oh:tf w'lksf ; ;gf jf]6x? lgs} dgdf]xs / Ps}gf;sf lyP . xfld Tree Line eGbf w]/} dfly lyof} . ofssf jyfgx? Jf6fdf tndfly oqtq rl//x]sf e]l6GYof] . ToxL eP/ g} o; 7fpsf] gfd ofsvs{ /flvPsf] /] dgfªjf6 3f]8fdf ;fdfg lnP/ cfPsf kf;fª bfO{n] jtfP . n]bf/jf6 cln dfly uPkl5 ;+s6fkGg gfp/ -Himalayan Blue Sheep_ sf] Ps x'n rl//x]sf] e]l6of] . of] s'/f xfldn] tn dgfªdf g} ;'g]sf lyof} t/ Toxf k|ToIf b]Vg kfO{of] . k|fo uld{ofddf yf]/ªnfsf] tNnf] efult/ emg]{ / lxpbdf lolgx? lxdfn kf/ u/]/ ltJjt lt/ hfg] /x]5g\ . jyfgdf lx8\g] lolgx?sf] d'Vo ;q' lxp lrt'jf /x]5 t/ xfldn] lxp lrt'jf b]Vg] ;f}efUo eg] kfPgf} . klxn]sf] t'ngfdf lolgx/sf] ;+Vof cToflws 36]sf] 5, sl/j !% jif{ b]lv n]bf/df xf]6n Joj;fo ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf Ps :yflgon] eGb} lyP . cg'kd k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{ / o;sf] cnf}lss  :juL{o cfgGbdf /dfpb} xfdL lxd/]vfdf k'lu;s]sf lyof} . xfd|} j/k/ lxpx? lr;f]n] s8f 8Nnf jg]sf lyo . xfdL yf]/fªkm]lbdf lyof} oltv]/ . cUnf cUnf kx/fsf] rk]6f vf]k]/ hDdf b'O{ cf]6f xf]6n jgfO{Psf] lyof] . ko{6sx? vrfvr lyP . lsr]g ;d]t jfsL lyPg j:gsf] nflu . cToflws lr;f]sf] sf/0f jflx/ j:g ;Sg] cj:yf lyPg . $%)) ld sf] prfO{ km]/L xfd|f] !,@ hgf ;flyx?nfO{ lr;f] / xfO{ clN6Ro"8n] ubf{ c;lhnf] dx;'; eO{/x]sf] lyof] . ljb]zL ko{6s x? ;d]t 7fp gkfP/ ef}tfl//x]sf lyo eg] sf]lx tn n]bf/tkm{ g} eml//x]sf lyP . xfldn] cfkm\gf] ;j} kl/ro lbPkl5 xf]6n dflns ldr'ª bfO{n] ;'TgnfO{ 8fO{lgª xn vfln u/fO{lbg' eof] . wGg /flt tn emg{ k/]g . :yflgo ldr'ª bfO{sf] s'/f ubf{ pxfsf 5f]/fx? ;j} cd]/Lsf / o"/f]kdf /x]5g\ / pxfnfO{ ;d]t pt} hfp eGbf d :jb]zd} j:5' eg]/ guPsf] ;'Gbf /fi6«k]|dL efjgf lgs} g} /x]5 eGg] cfefif kfof} xfldn] . ;fRr}g} Toqf] prfO{df To:tf] ;]jf lbg' ;fgf] s'/f kSs} xf]O{g . cem /f]rs t Toqf] prfO{df Nofk6d, 8]S:6d sDKo'6/, 6]lnlehg, On]lS6«s lx6/ rn]sf] b]Vbf t crDdg} nfUof] . s'/f ;'Gbf t ldr'«ª bfO{ PSn}n] ^) nfv vr{ u/]/ k]N6L ;]6 /flv d:of{ªbLsf] ;fgf] vf]nfjf6 ljh'nL lgsfn]sf] /x]5 . o; sfddf pxfnfO{ Go'lhNof08sf] ;flyn] ;xof]u u/]sf] eg] eGg 5'6fpg' ePg . lgs} ldhfl;nf] / km/fl;nf] nfUof] xfldnfO{ .

ljxfg sl/j # jh]lt/ cGo kboflq ;+u} rl9fof] gfs} 7f]lsg] yf]/ªnfsf] psfnf]df . lgs} nfdf] n:s/ lyof] . cWof/f]df l6nlkn l6nlkn b]lvg] 6r{nfO{6sf] n:s/ b]Vbf nfUYof] h'gsL/Lx? lxl8/x]5g\ . /ftsf] ;do, ckm7\of/f] jf6f], cS;Lhgsf] sld xfdL lgs} cg'zfl;t, nfdj4 / Psgf;;+u lxl8/x]sf lyof} . ljxfg l9nf] k'u]df yf]/ªnfdf cWoflws xfjf rn]/ l6Sg uf/f] x'G5 eGg] s'/f xfldn] jf6f]df jf/Djf/ ;'Gb} cfPsf lyof} To;}n] /fltg} lx8\g' k/]sf] lyof] . xfO{SofDkjf6 cufl8 j9]kl5 xfd|f j/k/ lxp g} lxp dfq lyof] ljrsf] ;fgf] uf]/]6f] jfx]s . jfSnf] n'uf, ;':tfPsf] lx8fO{, sfnf] r:df, dgfªdf %) ?k}ofdf lsg]sf] 6]Sg] nf}/f], xfldnfO{ lxdfn r9]sf] cg'e'lt eO{/x]sf] lyof] . lx8\g g;Sg]sf] nflu 3f]8fsf] klg Joj:yf lyof] t/ ef8f eg] clt rsf]{ . ljxfgsf] sl/j * jh]lt/ xfld yf]/ªnf kf; -%$!^ ld=_ df k'u]sf lyof} . k|fo cf;kf;sf lxdfnsf 6'Kkfx? xfd|} xf/fxfl/df lyP . jfbn xfldeGbf klg tn lyof] . ljxflgsf] 3fdsf] em'Nsf ;+u} yf]/ªnfsf lxpsf l9Ssfx? rlDs/x]sf lyo . jftfj/0f ;kmf lyof] . kfl/kl6 Bf}nflu/L xfd}| prfO{df d':s'/fo h:tf] nfUYof] . cGgk'0f{ kbofqfsf] ;j}eGbf prfO{sf] ljGb' olx ePsfn] kboflqx? Pscfk;df ;kmntfsf] jwfO{ ;f6f;f6 ub}{ lyP eg] sf]xL kmf]6f];];gdf Jo:t b]lvGy] . ToxL @@ jif{ b]lv l;hgn lrof k;n rnfO{/x]sf Ps hgf bfO{n] cfpg t @,$ hgf cfpYof] t/ yf]/fª kf/ ug]{ olt w]/} dfG5] ePsf] g]kfnL dfqsf] u|'k rflx ltldx? g} xf] eg]kl5 v'l;n] km'?ªu x'b} /ftf] / rGb| ;'o{======= clg of] dg t d]/f] g]kfnL xf]==== h:tf /fli6«o lut ufpb} v'j gfr]sf lyof} . ljb]lzsf Sofd]/fx? xflddf s]lGb|t lyof] eg] ltlgx?sf g]kfnL ufO{8 xfld;+u} ldl;P/ ufpb} gfRb} lyP . lj8Djgf of] 5 ls ljb]zL ko{6sx?n] ofqf u/]sf] ;tfJbL ljTg nfUbf klg Pp6f 5'6} g]kfnL 6f]nL ghfg' eg] lgs} b'vnfUbf] s'/f xf] . cd]l/sf, ?;, :jL6h/Nof08, Sofgf8f, lj|6]gsf lxp x]/]/ cfxf eGg] g]kfnLx?n] cfkmg} lxdfn b]v]sf 5}gg\ . oxfsf cnf}lss ;f}Gbo{sf] jf:tljs klxrfg ug{ / cg'e't ug{ ;s]df ;+;f/sf] :ju{ xfd|} b]z xf] . ljb]zLx?n] nfvf} nufgL u/]/ cfpg] o:tf 7fpx?df xfdL cfkm} ckl/lrt /xg' nfhdbf]{ s'/f xf] .

sl/j ! 306fsf] j;fO kl5 dgfª / d':tfª lhNnfsf] l;dfgf yf]/ªnf kf; jf6 7f8} cf]/fnf] d'lStgfy tkm{ eml/of] . jfSnf] hd]sf lxpx?df lrKn]6L v]Nb} clg d':tfªsf] cgf}7f] ef}uf]lns jgfj6 cjnf]sg ub}{ sl/j # 306fsf] cf]/fnf] kl5 d'lStgfy k'luof] . rf/}lt/ ;'Vvf d?e'ld h:tf] b]lvg] d':tfªdf jf]6lj?jfsf] gfdlg;fg} lyPg . jf}4 tyf lxGb' wdf{nDjLx?sf] cWoflws dxTj /x]sf] dxfg cf/fWo b]j d'lStgfysf] bz{g ug{ b]z ljb]z b]lv wdf{nDjLx? cfpbf /x]5g\ . xfldn] klg dgfªsf] kl;gf / d}nf kmfNb} lr;f] kflgdf g'xfP/ d'lQmgfysf] bz{g ul/of] . d'lQmgfydf /x]sf] slxn]klg glgEg] Hjfnf b]Vbf To; If]qdf k]6«f]lnod kbf{ysf] >f]t 5 eg]/ k9]sf] ofb cfof] . k|L Sofdj|Log O/fdf o; If]qdf 6]yfO{h l;  ePsf] / kl5 6]S6f]lgs d'ed]G6 n] ubf{ pQm ;d'Gb| sf]NofK; ePsf] eGg] tYonfO{ Tofxf kfO{Psf] ;flnu|fd / r6fgx?sf] jgfj6x?n] k'li6 ul//x]sf lyP . jf:tjd} d'lQmgfyjf6 sfuj]gL x'b} hf]d;f]d hfbf sflnu08sLsf] jl/kl/sf r§fgx?sf] j8f] cgf}7f] ;+/rgf b]lvGYof] . e'ue{zf:qdf k9]sf] Fault, Fold, Joint, Anticline, Syncline Strike, cflb zJbfjnLx? / k|fWofksx/n] lbg] o; If]qsf] pbfx/0f emnemnL cfvfdf cfO{/x]sf] lyof] . yf]/ªnf / d':tfªs} nf]dfªyfª jf6 cfpg] sflnu08sL glbn] jgfPsf lj;fn ju/ cgL To;} 5]pdf cjl:yt sfuj]gL jhf/ lgs} dgdf]xs lyof] . k|fo ;'Vvf hldg /x]sf] o; 7fpdf slx slx eg] kflg nufP/ kmfk/ v]lt ul/Psf] /x]5 . xfld lhkdf x'Olsb} lyof} . w]/} lbgsf] lx8fO{ kl5 uf8L r9\bf cgf}7f] nflu/x]sf] lyof] . d]/f] cflTdo ;fly cfefif / d lhksf] 5tdf cToflws jlx/x]sf] xfjf ;+u kf}7]hf]/L v]Nb} 8lG8df jlnof];+u j;]/ j/k/sf] b[iokfg ul//x]sf lyof} . cfef;sf] 6f]kL p8fPkl5 jNn kf] yfxf eof] sflnu08sL lsgf/sf] xfjfsf] emf]sf clg sNkgf ul/of] jLG8 Eofgsf] ;DefJotf . o; If]qdf jfo'jf6 rNg] jLG8 Eofgx? h8fg ul/ phf{ pTkfbg ug{ ;lsPdf s]xL xb;Dd ePklg phf{sf nflu cGo b]zdf lge{/ /xg'kg]{ jfWotf x6\g] lgSof}{n lgsfn]sf lyof} xfldn] To;j]nf .

d':tfªsf] ;b/d'sfd hf]d;f]d 7'n} jhf/ /x]5 . pRr :t/Lo xf]6nx?, Pc/kf]6{ ePsf] d':tfªsf] 7'n} Jofkfl/s s]Gb| /x]5 . pkNnf] d':tfªsf] k|j]z4f/ hf]d;f]ddf sf7df08f}, kf]v/f cflb :yfgjf6 k|fo ko{6sx? xjfO{hxfhjf6} cfjthfjt ug]{ /x]5g\ . hf]d;f]d eGbf clnslt cufl8 /x]sf] dfkmf{ Pkn h';, Pkn j|f08L, jfO{gsf] nflu k|Voft /x]5 . kf]v/f sf7df08f} nufot ljb]zdf ;d]t lgof{t x'g] dfkmf{ j|f08L olxsf] :yfgLo pTkfbg /x]5 . :ofpsf] k|z:t v]lt x'g] o; If]qdf pTkfbgsf] cem lj:tf/ / kf]v/f ;Dd lgof{tsf] ;'ljwf ;/sf/ tyf lghL sDkgLx?n] pknJw u/fpg' kg]{ oxfsf jfl;Gbfx?sf] egfO{ lyof] . x'gt d'lQmgfy b]lv 3f;f eGg] :yfg ;Dd sRrL df]6/jf6f] lgdf{0f ePsf] /x]5 t/ 7fp7fpdf uPsf] klx/f]sf sf/0f jf6f] cj?4 ePsf] lyof] To;}n] st} ufl8 r9\b} st} lx8\b} cufl8 jl9of] . dfkmf{jf6 sflnu08sLsf] lsgf/} lsgf/ cufl8 j9\bf xl/ofnL 5fO{;s]sf] lyof] ljif];t ;Nnfsf ?vx? . xfld sl/j !&)) ld6/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf em/L;s]sf lyof} . n]6] eGg] :yfgjf6 sflnu08sL PSsf;L eflifPsf] lyof] . st} t glbg} x/fPsf] h:tf] . kl5 jNn yfxf eof] xfld d':tfª s6]/ Dofulbsf] sf]Kr]kfgL–bfgf v08 cGt/utsf] ljZjs} ;j}eGbf ulx/f] vf]rdf lxl8/x]sf /x]5f} . Psfkl6 cGgk'0f{ / csf]{ kl6 wf}nflu/Lsf] ljrdf . To; If]qdf klg ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ eO{/x]sf] /x]5 . 7'nf7'nf kx/f sf]k]/ ;f3'/f] 6«ofs vf]lnPsf] jf6f]df vRr8sf 7'nf x'nx?n] oflqx?nfO{ g} v;fpnfg h:tf] ul/]/x]sf lyo . vRr8 cfPkl5 hlxn] klg leQf kl6 nfUg' eGg] jfSo vRr8 lx8fpg] x?n] jf/Djf/ eGb} oflqx?nfO{ ;hu u/fO{ /xGy] . x'g klg ;fgf] jf6f] clnslt 5f]Pdf klg l;w} sflnu08sLdf vl;g] 8/ lyof] . xfdL tftf]kflg k'lu;s]sf lyof} . oxfsf] k|lz4 tftf]kflg s'08df g'xfPdf /f]u kfk ;j} hfG5 eGg] wfld{s ljZjf; /x]5 . ;Nkm/sf] dfqf j9L /xg] o:tf tftf]kflgx?df g'xfpbf 5fnf tyf xf8hf]gL{ ;DjGwL /f]ux? lgsf] x'g] j}1fgLs b[li6sf]0fn] ;d]t k|dfl0ft eO{;s]sf] 5 . xfldn] klg g'xfof} . tftf]kflg jf6 j]gL / 3f]/]kfgL stf hfg] eGg] ljjfb rNof] s]lxj]/ xfldljr . sl/j !%,!^ lbgsf] lx8fO{sf] ysfg clg 5]pd} cfO{/x]sf] dxfg rf8 b;}n] ubf{ xfd|f] ofqfnfO{ 5f]6fpg] lg0f{o ul/ j]lgtkm{ xflgof} . j]gLjf6 ltKnfª x'b} kf]v/f cfO{of] . ef]lnkN6 kf]v/fjf6 ;j} k'j{ kl:rdsf ;flyx? cf cfkm\gf] 3/tkm{ nfu] . d nufot s]lx ;flyx? eg] sf7df08f} tkm{ cfof} .